四川省2009—2018年猩红热流行病学分析

廖如珺; 刘润友; 杨长虹

文章摘要

四川省2009—2018年猩红热流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of scarlet fever in Sichuan Province from 2009 to 2018

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-8134.2019.04.008

中文关键词: 猩红热流行病学疫情分析四川省

英文关键词: scarlet fever epidemiology epidemic analysis Sichuan Province

基金项目:

作者	单位
廖如珺	四川省疾病预防控制中心编辑部
刘润友	四川省疾病预防控制中心疫情科
杨长虹	四川省疾病预防控制中心信息所

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中文摘要:

目的　了解四川省2009—2018年猩红热流行特征，为制定针对性的防控策略提供参考。方法　从中国疾病预防控制信息系统的传染病报告信息管理系统导出四川省2009—2018年的猩红热发病资料，对疾病流行的三间分布进行描述，利用ArcMap的空间插值技术对2009—2018年四川省基于县/区的报告发病率绘制发病分布趋势图。结果　2009—2018年四川省猩红热累计报告病例数共21 055例，发病率整体呈上升趋势，但涨幅不明显；春季（4至7月）和冬季（10月至次年1月）为发病高峰。病例中男女性别比为1.53∶1，其发病率相比，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；发病年龄主要集中在3～8岁（77.69%）；职业分布中，猩红热发病以幼托儿童（42.21%）、学生（38.44%）和散居儿童（17.94%）为主；在地区分布方面，猩红热发病率呈由西北向东南的递增趋势，报告发病数最高为成都市（29.46%），最低为雅安市（0.05%）；诊断类别中，以临床诊断病例为主（78.27%）。结论　2009—2018年四川省猩红热疫情波动不显著，存在明显高峰季节、高发人群和地区，须加强学校和幼托机构猩红热疫情监测和健康教育工作以及在重点地区的疾病防治宣传工作，以有效控制猩红热的发生和蔓延。

英文摘要:

Objective　To understand the epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever in Sichuan Province from 2009 to 2018, and provide reference for the formulation of targeted prevention and control strategies. Methods　The prevalence data of scarlet fever from 2009 to 2018 in Sichuan Province were retrieved from National Notifiable Disease Information Reporting System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System, and the distributions (time, spatial, population) of this disease were described. ArcMap spatial interpolation technique was used for plotting the incidence distribution trend chart based on the reported incidence in districts and counties of Sichuan Province from 2009 to 2018. Results　From 2009 to 2018, a total of 21 055 cases of scarlet fever have been reported in Sichuan Province. The incidence of scarlet fever was on the rise, but the increase was not obvious. The spring (from April to July) and winter (from October to January) were the peak period of the disease. The male-female sex ratio among the reported cases was 1.53∶1, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of men and women (P＜0.05). The age of onset was mainly 3-8 years (77.69%). The scarlet fever was occupationally prevalent in children in childcare (42.21%), students (38.44%) and children in diaspora (17.94%). As for the region, the incidence increased from northwest area to southeast area, with the highest reported incidence in Chengdu City (29.46%) and the lowest in Ya’an city (0.05%). Among the diagnostic categories, clinical diagnosis cases (78.27%) were dominant. Conclusions　From 2009 to 2018, the epidemic fluctuation of scarlet fever in Sichuan Province is not significant, and there are obvious peak seasons, high risk groups and severe areas. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the epidemic surveillance and health education of scarlet fever in schools and childcare institutions, as well as the disease prevention and control publicity in key areas, so as to effectively control the occurrence and spread of scarlet fever.

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