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| 235例不同年龄段儿童传染性单核细胞增多症临床特征分析 |
| Analysis of clinical features of 235 children with infectious mononucleosis at different ages |
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-8134.2021.04.007 |
| 中文关键词: 不同年龄 儿童 EB病毒 传染性单核细胞增多症 流行病学 临床特点 实验室检查 分析 |
| 英文关键词: different ages children EB virus infectious mononucleosis epidemiology clinical characteristic laboratory examination analysis |
| 基金项目:安徽省儿科急救转运技术培训与体系建设（201707d08050005） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 分析不同年龄段儿童传染性单核细胞增多症（infectious mononucleosis, IM）的临床特点，为临床早期诊断及治疗提供重要依据。方法 选取2018年4月—2020年3月阜阳市人民医院儿科收治的235例EBV感染所致的IM儿童作为研究对象，根据年龄分为婴幼儿组（≤3岁）、学龄前期组（4～6岁）、学龄期组（7～13岁），对3组儿童的性别分布、年龄分布、发病季节分布、临床表现、实验室检查结果和并发症等资料进行回顾性分析。结果 235例IM儿童中，发病年龄以4～6岁多见，占发病总数的46.0%；男女性别之比为1.9∶1，男性发病多见；发病季节以春夏为发病高峰，冬季发病少。各年龄组儿童临床症状以发热、咽扁桃体炎、淋巴结肿大为主，学龄期组脾脏肿大发生率、谷丙转氨酶升高率均高于婴幼儿组（P均＜0.05），婴幼儿组皮疹、腹泻和合并消化系统疾病的发生率均高于其他2组（P均＜0.05），学龄期组打鼾及张口呼吸发生率均高于其他2组（P均＜0.05），学龄期组和学龄前期组腹痛的发生率均显著高于婴幼儿组（P均＜0.05）。结论 儿童IM临床表现复杂多样，一般春夏季为发病高峰期，学龄前期儿童为高发人群，婴幼儿发病也不少见。儿童IM部分临床特征和年龄相关，掌握不同年龄段儿童IM的流行病学及临床特点，对于提高儿童IM诊断与治疗效果具有重要意义。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of children with infectious mononucleosis (IM) at different ages, and provide crucial evidence for early clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods A total of 235 children with IM caused by EBV who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Fuyang People’s Hospital from April 2018 to March 2020 were enrolled in this study. The included patients were divided into 3 groups based on their ages: infant group (≤3 years old), preschool children group (4-6 years old), and school children group (7-13 years old). A retrospective analysis was performed for the data of the children in 3 groups, including sex distribution, age distribution, onset season distribution, clinical manifestations, laboratory examination results and complications. Results Children aged 4-6 years accounted the most (46.0%) among 235 IM children. The ratio of males to females was 1.9∶1, more common in male. The incidence was the highest in spring and summer and lowest in winter. Main clinical symptoms of children at different age groups included fever, adenopharyngitis, and lymphadenectasis. The incidences of splenomegaly and alanine aminotransferase increase rate were higher in school children group than those in infant group (P＜0.05). The incidences of erythra, diarrhea and the combined digestive system diseases were higher in infant group than those in the other 2 groups (P＜ 0.05). The incidences of snoring and mouth breathing in school children group were higher than those in the other 2 groups (P＜0.05). The incidence of abdominal pain in school children group and preschool children group was significantly higher than that in infant group (P＜0.05). Conclusions The clinical manifestations of IM children are complex and diverse. Generally, spring and summer are the peak periods. Preschool children are at a high risk of IM, as well as infants. Some clinical characteristics of IM children are associated with age. Understanding the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of IM in children at different ages is important for improving the diagnosis and treatment effect of IM children. |
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