大理州2019年人群乙型肝炎疫苗接种情况和HBV血清学调查分析

赵丽娜; 唐婷婷; 赵红梅; 徐　然

文章摘要

大理州2019年人群乙型肝炎疫苗接种情况和HBV血清学调查分析

Analysis on vaccination and serological survey of hepatitis B among population in Dali Prefecture in 2019

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-8134.2021.04.013

中文关键词: 乙型肝炎疫苗全程接种率易感率免疫率感染率

英文关键词: hepatitis B vaccine full-course vaccination rate susceptibility rate immunization rate infection rate

基金项目:

作者	单位
赵丽娜	大理州疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科
唐婷婷	云南省疾病预防控制中心免疫规划所
赵红梅	大理州疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科
徐　然	大理州疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科

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中文摘要:

目的　了解大理州8月龄以上人群乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗接种情况和免疫水平，为今后有效开展乙肝疫苗接种工作提供依据。方法　采用分层整群抽样方法进行抽样，每个县市按大理州历年乙肝疫情和常规免疫工作开展情况平均分为高、中、低3层，每一层调查3个点，每个县市共调查9个点，每个点调查8个年龄组，即 8～17月龄、18～35月龄、3～6岁、7～14岁、15～24岁、25～34岁、35～44岁，≥45岁，抽取3732名调查对象，于2019年5—6月开展调查工作，调查乙肝疫苗全程接种率，应用酶联免疫吸附法定性检测HBsAg、HBsAb、HBcAb。结果　2019年大理州标化全人群乙肝疫苗全程接种率为23.69%，易感率为54.47%，免疫率为39.36%，感染率为2.20%。8～35月龄、3～14岁、≥15岁3个年龄组的接种率分别为99.23%、98.13%、8.13%，易感率分别为9.16%、49.29%、59.98%，免疫率分别为88.72%、47.97%、33.07%，感染率分别为0.19%、0、2.63%。不同年龄组接种率（χ2=3093.171，P=0.000）、易感率（χ2=780.190，P=0.000）、免疫率（χ2=822.316，P=0.000）、感染率（χ2=46.208，P=0.000）不同，接种率、免疫率随年龄增长呈下降趋势，易感率、感染率随年龄增长呈上升趋势；男性和女性接种率分别为68.91%、46.02%，易感率分别为38.60%、46.48%，免疫率分别为56.50%、49.16%，不同性别接种率（χ2=191.391，P=0.000）、易感率（χ2=27.501，P=0.000）、免疫率（χ2=19.493，P=0.000）比较差异有统计学意义。结论　大理州居民对乙肝已建立一定免疫屏障，但整体水平不高，应加强查漏补种工作并对易感率较高的人群开展强化免疫接种，重点开展 15 岁以上免疫空白人群的接种工作。

英文摘要:

Objective　To understand the vaccination status and immunization level of hepatitis B vaccine among population over 8 months in Dali Prefecture, and to provide basis for the effective implementation of hepatitis B vaccination in the future. Methods　By using stratified cluster sampling method, each county and city was divided into 3 levels (high, medium, low) according to the epidemic situation of hepatitis B in Dali Prefecture over the years and the development of routine immunization work. Each level was investigated at 3 points, each county and city was investigated at 9 points, involving 8 age groups, namely 8-17 months, 18-35 months, 3-6 years, 7-14 years, 15-24 years, 25-34 years, 35-44 years and ≥45 years. A total of 3732 subjects were sampled for a survey on the full-course vaccination against hepatitis B from May to June in 2019. The qualitative detection of HBsAg, HBsAb and HBcAb was conducted using ELISA. Results　In 2019, the full-course vaccination rate, susceptibility rate, immunization rate and infection rate among population in Dali Prefecture were 23.69%, 54.47%, 39.36% and 2.20%, respectively. In the age groups of 8-35 months, 3-14 years and over 15 years, the vaccination rates were 99.23%, 98.13%, 8.13%, the susceptibility rates were 9.16%, 49.29%, 59.98%, the immunization rates were 88.72%, 47.97% and 33.07% and the infection rates were 0.19%, 0 and 2.63%, respectively. The vaccination rate (χ2=3093.171, P=0.000), susceptibility rate (χ2=780.190, P=0.000), immunization rate (χ2=822.316, P=0.000), infection rate (χ2=46.208, P=0.000) were different in different age groups. The vaccination rate and immunization rate decreased with the increase of age, while the susceptibility rate and infection rate increased with the increase of age. For male and female, the vaccination rates were 68.91% and 46.02%, the susceptibility rates were 38.60% and 46.48% and the immunization rates were 56.50% and 49.16%, respectively. The vaccination rate (χ2=191.391, P=0.000), susceptibility rate (χ2=27.501, P=0.000) and immunization rate (χ2=19.493, P=0.000) of different sexes showed statistically significant difference by comparison. Conclusions　The immunologic barrier against hepatitis B in Dali Prefecture residents has been established, but the overall coverage is insufficient. It is urgent to strengthen a check for missed vaccination, carry out catch-up vaccination, and carry out intensive immunization vaccination for the population with a high susceptibility rate, especially for the blank immunization population over 15 years old.

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