| To study the changes of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulins in children with infectious mononucleosis (IM) infected by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods Forty-two children with IM caused by EBV infection who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from August 2015 to October 2020 were selected as the case group, and 42 age and gender matched children undergoing healthy physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. Peripheral venous blood at fasting state was drawn for routine blood test. The proportion of B lymphocytes, NK cells, atypical lymphocytes, count of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes, expression levels of IgA, IgG and IgM were determined. Results The white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, proportion of atypical lymphocytes, and the positive rate of atypical lymphocytes in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). The count of B lymphocytes in the case group was lower than that in the control group, while the counts of CD3+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were higher than those in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). The expression levels of IgA and IgG in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The counts of NK cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes, as well as IgM expression in 2 groups showed no statistically significant differences (P＞0.05). Conclusions After children have IM infected by EBV, the body will produce a large number of T lymphocytes, which will increase the counts of CD3+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and the expression levels of IgA and IgG will increase accordingly. Detecting the proportion of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets, atypical lymphocytes and the expression changes of immunoglobulins in IM children has certain guiding significance for the diagnosis and treatment of IM. |