2017—2020年北京北苑地区
轮状病毒感染的流行病学研究

申龙芳; 蔡?珍; 郭雷涛; 王?丹; 曲?芬

文章摘要

2017—2020年北京北苑地区轮状病毒感染的流行病学研究

Epidemiological study of rotavirus infection in Beiyuan area of Beijing from 2017 to 2020

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-8134.2022.04.012

中文关键词: 轮状病毒儿童季节腹泻便常规脂肪球新型冠状病毒防控措施

英文关键词: rotavirus children season diarrhea stool routine fat globule COVID-19 prevention and control measure

基金项目:

作者	单位
申龙芳	北京，航空总医院检验科
蔡?珍	北京，航空总医院检验科
郭雷涛	北京，航空总医院检验科
王?丹	北京，航空总医院检验科
曲?芬	北京，航空总医院检验科

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中文摘要:

[摘要]　目的　了解2017—2020年北京北苑地区轮状病毒感染性腹泻的流行病学特征及实验室特点，为临床经验治疗及防控提供科学理论依据。方法　收集2017年1月1日—2020年12月31日期间来我院就诊腹泻患者的粪便23 205份，采用胶体金免疫层析技术方法对粪便标本进行轮状病毒抗原检测，对患者性别、年龄、季节分布及粪便常规特征进行统计分析。结果　23 205例标本中共检出轮状病毒阳性标本1837例，阳性率为7.92%。轮状病毒感染主要集中在12～23月龄婴幼儿（19.30%），阳性率显著高于其他年龄段（≤6月龄，7～11月龄，2～3岁，4～6岁，7～ 17岁，≥18岁）（P均＜0.05）。轮状病毒感染具有季节特异性， 1月、2月、3月、12月阳性率较高，阳性率分别为29.90%、27.51%、16.94%、18.69%。2017—2020年阳性率分别为8.83%、8.09%、9.47%和1.99%，2020年轮状病毒抗原检测阳性率显著下降，与2017—2019年相比差异均具有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情（新冠疫情）暴发的2020年，轮状病毒感染的高发月份没有变化，然而与2017—2019年同月份相比较，阳性率显著下降（P均＜0.05）。轮状病毒阳性标本中，粪便镜检脂肪球检出率高（42.24%），2者一致率高（89.24%），具有相关性（Kappa=0.325, r=0.326）。白细胞、红细胞与轮状病毒阳性无相关性，一致率差。轮状病毒阳性标本以糊状便为主，占比50.35%，稀便或稀水便、软便分别占比39.41%、 6.15%，粘液便最少，占比3.97%。结论　本地区轮状病毒感染主要易感人群为12～23月龄婴幼儿，感染全年均可发生，以晚冬、初春为高发季节，2020年新冠疫情极大降低了轮状病毒的送检率及检测阳性率，轮状病毒阳性标本粪便以稀便或糊状便为主，脂肪球与轮状病毒肠炎感染有相关性。

英文摘要:

[Abstract]　Objective　To understand the epidemiological characteristics and laboratory characteristics of rotavirus infectious diarrhea in Beiyuan area of Beijing from 2017 to 2020, and to provide a scientific theoretical basis for clinical experience in treatment, prevention and control. Methods?Twenty-three thousand two hundred and five faeces of diarrhea patients who came to our hospital from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020 were collected. Rotavirus antigen was tested on stool specimens using colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay, and the gender, age, seasonal distribution and routine characteristics of faeces were statistically analyzed. Results?A total of 1837 samples were positive for rotavirus in 23 205 patients (7.92%). Rotavirus infection mainly occurred in infants aged 12-23 months (19.30%), which was significantly higher than that in other age groups (≤6 months, 7-11 months, 2-3 years, 4-6 years, 7-17 years, ≥18 years) (P＜ 0.05). Rotavirus infection has seasonal specificity, with the highest positive rates in January, February, March and December (29.90%, 27.51%, 16.94%, 18.69%, respectively). The positive rate of rotavirus infection were 8.83%, 8.09%, 9.47%, 1.99% in 2017-2020, respectively. The positive rate of rotavirus infection in 2020 decreased significantly compared with that in 2017-2019 (P ＜ 0.05). In 2020, when COVID-19 broke out, the month of high prevalence of rotavirus infection did not change, however, compared with the same month in 2017-2019, the positivity rate decreased significantly (P＜ 0.05). Among rotavirus-positive specimens, the positive rate of stool microscopy fat globule was high (42.24%), and the coincidence rate of the 2 methods was high(89.24%). These 2 methods showed correlation (Kappa=0.325, r=0.326). There was no correlation of WBC, RBC with rotavirus enteritis. The rotavirus positive specimens were mainly mushy stools, accounting for 50.35%, followed by laxative stools (39.41%), watery stools (6.15%) and mucus stools (3.97%). Conclusions?The main susceptible population of rotavirus infection in this region is infants aged 12-23 months. rotaviral infection can occur throughout the year, with late winter and early spring being the most frequent seasons. The outbreak of 2019-novel coronavirus disease in 2020 greatly reduced the detection rate and positive rate of rotavirus. Feces were mainly sparse or mushy stools and fat balls were in accordance with rotaviral enteritis infection.

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